Language MANDARIN

Concept Orthography IPA Segments
Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar		 Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal		 Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal		 Glottal
Nasal m n̪ n ŋ
Stop pʰ p tʰ t k kʰ
Sibilant affricate ts tsʰ tʃ tɕ tɕʰ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s z ʂ ʐ ɕ
Non-sibilant fricative f h
Approximant l j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive
Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open iunrounded close front vowel yrounded close front vowel ʅunrounded close with-friction central vowel ɿunrounded close with-friction back vowel urounded close back vowel ĕultra-short unrounded close-mid front vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel orounded close-mid back vowel ɛunrounded open-mid front vowel ɔrounded open-mid back vowel aunrounded open front vowel ăultra-short unrounded open front vowel
Vowels
Other phonemes
²³ rising from-mid-low to-mid tone
³² falling from-mid to-mid-low tone
³ short from-mid tone
²⁴ rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone
⁴ short from-mid-high tone
au from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong
⁴² falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone
ou from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong
w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
ai from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong
² short from-mid-low tone